Burning kerosene is the costliest way to stay warm.

Every fuel furnace works the same way: it sets fire to something you paid for and captures most — never all — of the resulting heat. An 80% AFUE rating is the good case. The rest goes up the flue, and aging units drift lower still.

A heat pump refuses that trade. It runs a refrigerant cycle that gathers heat already present in the outdoor air and concentrates it indoors. Because it relocates energy instead of combusting fuel, it returns three or more units of heat for every unit of electricity it draws.

In a single-metered mobile home — where the heating bill is the household's largest utility line — that ratio is the difference between a hard winter and a manageable one.

The rest of this report lays out the case, the science, and the money, with sources you can verify.